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    “臨時高管”蔚然成風
     作者: Stephenie Overman    時間: 2011年04月21日    來源: 財富中文網
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    如果能短期“租用”一名高管,何必還要雇傭一名全職的呢?現在越來越多的公司正在用臨時高管來填補領導層和專業技術上的空缺。
    轉貼到: 微信 新浪微博 關注騰訊微博 人人網 豆瓣

    ????他們風風火火來到一家公司,關掉了一個部門或管理了一樁收購,然后風風火火地走了。他們就是臨時高管。不過千萬不要說他們是“打短工的”。

    ????業內人士指出,所謂的“臨時高管”是一批專業的解決問題的專家,用負責EIM公司北美業務的合伙人羅伯特?庫恩的話說,臨時高管都是 “能做成某些事”的人。

    ????庫恩表示:“我們提供(給一家公司)的都是高管級人物,職務非常高。比如曾經干過財務總監、研發主管、人力主管或法務主管的人,以及有著長期和很深的經驗的人?!彼援斔麄冎痔幚硪粯度蝿盏臅r候,“他們不需要任何學習的過程?!?/p>

    ????庫恩表示,提供臨時高管服務的公司(比如他自己的公司)“并不是給倒閉的企業收尸的?!苯榻B臨時工的企業只是按日子算工資,但是臨時高管服務公司提供的人才卻可以“滿足客戶的非常需求。這種需求往往帶有某種緊迫性。我們能夠解決問題,起救火隊的作用,解決危機?!?/p>

    ????臨時高管們通常都不是自由職業者,而是以合伙人、雇員或承包人的身份,為EIM這樣的公司工作。

    ????臨時高管協會(The Interim Association)是一個為臨時管理行業提供支持的組織,該組織的常務董事克里斯?拉科拉塔表示,臨時高管也并非簡單的咨詢顧問,不過現在倒是有越來越來的咨詢公司在他們的業務中增加了臨時高管的內容。

    ????拉科拉塔指出,多年以來,許多公司都對傳統的咨詢模式表示不滿,因為咨詢顧問們會先研究一個問題,然后就會“踢皮球”。

    ????庫恩也同意這種看法。他表示:“我們不會像麥肯錫(McKinsey)一樣做長達6個月的研究。我們假定客戶知道他們需要什么。你已經做了你的決策,我們只是來實施它?!?/p>

    ????Cerius臨時管理解決方案公司(Cerius Interim Executive Solutions)的首席執行官帕梅拉?韋斯利指出,如果一個公司有了一名好的臨時高管,“那么公司里的某些人總是能從臨時高管身上學到知識?!?/p>

    何時雇傭臨時高管最合適

    ????如果某家公司失去了一名重要的高管,并且在找到適當的永久替代人之前,急需有人暫時維持一個部門或某一職能的運作的話,那么這家公司就可以試試臨時高管的法子。

    ????韋斯利指出,有些時候,一家公司可能不必要雇傭一位全職高管,但可以“以兼職的模式引入一名高管,以完成一個特定目標。比如如果你遇上過(員工)官司問題,你就可以引入(一位負責人力資源的高管),來建立更好的政策流程和更好的培訓?!?/p>

    ????韋斯利表示,臨時高管可以為永久繼任者打好基礎,方便公司里的某個人以后接手這個位子?!澳阈枰目赡懿皇且粋€高管,而是一個經理來維持這個部門或職能?!?/p>

    ????此外,臨時高管擁有一些特定的經驗可能是公司內部人士所不具備的,例如扭轉局面、并購、擴展國際市場等。將公司放到市場上出售是件尤其困難的事。韋斯利指出:“大多數公司所有者不知道如何將他們的公司銷售出去。你必須要想辦法讓自己的公司賣得出手?!?/p>

    ????拉科拉塔指出,臨時高管在歐洲早已成了常例,但直到21世紀的頭幾年,它才開始在美國受到歡迎。

    ????韋斯利指出,在經濟危機之前,雇傭臨時高管的企業主要集中在醫療保健業、制造業和科技部門,不過隨著其他行業的企業也紛紛尋找替代性的招聘戰略,臨時高管領域也得到了擴展,其部分原因是由于“這些企業不敢提前計劃得太長遠?!彼麄冎砸蕾嚺R時高管,是由于“他們知道臨時高管遲早是要走人的?!?/p>

    ????拉科拉塔指出,私募股權交易對臨時管理行業的增長起了十分重要的作用?!芭R時高管正好適合私募股權交易的模式。私募股權公司買進的公司可能正是臨時高管正在改組的公司?!?/p>

    臨時高管需要哪些條件?

    ????要成為一名臨時高管,必須具備哪些素質?當然,經驗是不可或缺的,但經驗并沒有人們想象的那么重要。

    ????韋斯利表示,人們往往覺得臨時高管都是接近退休年紀的人,但事實上,大多數臨時高管往往還不到50歲。有些臨時高管還要更年輕,有的40不到,有的在45歲左右?!八麄円话愣际怯羞^好幾次買入或銷售企業的經驗的企業家。有些公司希望將自己銷售出去,而這些臨時高管在這些企業里做出了很大的貢獻?!?/p>

    ????韋斯利表示,在長期看來,雇傭臨時高管可能是個更經濟實惠的選擇,因為你無需支付招聘費、福利費和遣散費等等。不過她也指出:“不過我也不能說臨時高管很便宜,你的確需要支付額外的費用?!?/p>

    ????她表示,臨時高管的薪水基本上在每天1000到2000美元之間,因為你需要的是迅速見效?!叭绻愎蛡虻氖侨毜母吖?,可能需要90天才能上手。不過臨時高管只需要三天就能上手90%了?!?/p>

    ????管理顧問協會(Institute of Management Consultants)的董事長兼首席執行官德拉姆?麥克諾頓則對臨時高管能否如此迅速地上手表示懷疑。

    ????“他們可能非常擅長某些事,比如扭轉局面等。但要說一個人在三天里就能很好地運作一家公司,這幾乎是不可能的。如果真讓某人做領導者,那么以臨時的模式去領導一個企業是非常困難的?!?/p>

    ????麥克諾頓表示,將公司內部的某個人提升到一個過渡崗位上,可能是一種更好的方式。不過他也承認這種模式存在缺點,假如這個人最終沒有被聘任為這個崗位的全職人選的話。

    不是菜鳥待的地兒

    ????臨時高管查爾斯?鄧洛普是高管服務機構Tatum公司的合伙人,他已經在Tatum公司干了四年了,而且現在正在第五任財務總監的任上。這次他所在的公司是由一家私募股權公司出資,從一家國際性銀行中剝離出來的。

    ????鄧洛普表示:“我現在的這家公司是一家分拆出來的公司,它的財務總監突然離職了?!?/p>

    ????鄧洛普進入公司,完成了剝離的收關階段,然后“提出了一項行動方案?,F在新財務總監已經就任了,我現在正在一個項目、一個項目地幫助他,”使新財務總監適應他的新職位。

    ????鄧洛普表示,第一次當高管的人不適合擔任臨時高管?!拔覀冇羞^坎坷、困境和傷痛。我們所有人都曾在困境中奮戰過?!?/p>

    ????鄧洛普補充道,在比如重組等某些緊張的形勢下,雇傭臨時高管可能特別有幫助。

    ????“企業可以雇傭我們作為一個保留融資結構的媒介,我們也可以應付棘手的談判,也可以負責重組。所以等我們功成身退,企業中的一些負面感覺也會煙消云散?!?/p>

    ????對于臨時高管來說,擁有正確的技術背景是個十分重要的條件。不過企業雇傭臨時高管的時候,往往是企業的壓力達到頂點的時候,因此對于臨時高管來說,軟性技能也是同樣重要的。

    ????“你是在企業的過渡期里被扔到一個環境中的。你必須泰然自若。你必須能夠向前進,做出艱難的決策?!?/p>

    ????譯者:樸成奎

    ????They ride into town, close down a division or oversee an acquisition, then move on. Just don't call them temps.

    ????Interim executives, according to those in the field, are professional problem solvers who "make something happen," says Robert M. Kuhn, partner in charge of North American Operations for EIM.

    ????"The people we bring [to a company] are C-suite people. Very senior. People who have been chief finance officer, head of R&D, HR, legal. People who have long and deep experience. There's no learning curve" when they take on an assignment, Kuhn says.

    ????Interim management firms such as his "are not houses that deal in bodies," Kuhn says. Temp firms fill slots for a daily rate, while interim management firms have individuals who can respond to a client's need "over and above the day-to-day situation. It's driven by some type of urgency. We fix a problem, come in, put out a fire, resolve a crisis."

    ????Interim executives usually are not freelancers. They work for firms like EIM as partners, employees or contractors.

    ????Interim executives are not simply consultants either, although a growing number of consulting firms are adding interim executive components to their practices, according to Chris LaCorata, executive director of The Interim Association, an organization that supports the interim management industry.

    ????Over the years, companies have become unhappy with the traditional consultant model, LaCorata says, because consultants study a problem, then "hand it off."

    ????Kuhn agrees. "We don't do a six-month McKinsey study. We assume [clients] know what they want. You've made the decision, we implement it."

    ????With a good interim executive, says Pamela Wasley, CEO of Cerius Interim Executive Solutions, an interim executive placement firm, "there's always a transition of knowledge to someone in the company."

    When hiring an interim executive makes sense

    ????A company may take the interim executive route when it has lost a key executive and needs someone to keep a division or function running until it finds exactly the right person to fill the position permanently.

    ????Sometimes a corporation can't justify hiring a full-time executive, Wasley says, but can "put somebody in on a part-time basis to achieve a specific goal. Say you've had problem with [employee] lawsuits. You could put [an HR executive] in place to establish better policy procedures and better training."

    ????That interim executive can lay the groundwork for someone within the company to take over later, Wasley says. "You may not need an executive, you may need a manager to maintain it."

    ????And interim executives may have specific experience that's not available within the company, such as turnarounds, acquisitions and expanding into international markets. Positioning a company for new ownership is especially difficult: "Most owners don't know how to sell their company. You have to make yourself saleable," Wasley says.

    ????While it's an accepted practice in Europe, interim management only started to gain traction in the United States in the beginning of last decade, says LaCorata.

    ????Before the economic downturn, Wasley says that interim executives were hired mainly in the health care, manufacturing and technology sectors, but the field has expanded as companies from other industries look for alternative hiring strategies, partly because "they are fearful to plan too far in advance." They turn to interim executives because "at the end of the day they know they can get rid of them," she says.

    ????Private equity deals have been essential to the growth of interim management, according to LaCorata. "The interim executive is perfect for their model. They're buying companies they might be restructuring."

    What are interim execs made of?

    ????What does it take to become an interim executive? Experience, yes, but not necessarily as much as people tend to think.

    ????Wasley says people often assume interim executives are nearing retirement age, but more often they are in their late 40s. Some are even younger -- in their late 30s to mid 40s -- "typically entrepreneurs who have bought and sold companies several times. They really do a good job in companies that are looking to sell."

    ????It can be more economical in the long run to hire an interim executive because you are not paying hiring fees, benefits or severance, Wasley says. "But I can't say it's cheap. You do pay a premium."

    ????Interim executives generally earn from $1,000 to $2,000 a day, she says, because you are paying for quick results. "If you hire someone full-time, it takes 90 days to ramp up. When an interim executive has been on the job three days [the person is] 90%" effective.

    ????Drumm McNaughton, chairman and CEO of the Institute of Management Consultants, has doubts about an interim executive's ability to get up-to-speed so quickly.

    ????"They can be very good in something like a turnaround," McNaughton says, but "there's almost no way someone can be ready to run a company in three days. If someone is really going to be a leader, it's very difficult to do it on an interim basis."

    ????It might be better to move someone from inside the company into an interim position, McNaughton says, acknowledging the disadvantage of that model if that person is not eventually hired to fill the position full time.

    Not a field for rookies

    ????Charles Dunlap is in his fourth year as a partner with executive services firm Tatum and is on his fifth major CFO assignment, this time with a private equity-financed carve-out of an international bank.

    ????"The company I'm with now is a spin off. The CFO left suddenly," Dunlap says.

    ????He came in to complete the closing and "put in an action plan. Now the new CFO is on board and I'm working with him on a project basis," while he gets oriented to the new position.

    ????It's not a field for first-time executives, Dunlap says. "We've had bumps, scrapes and sores. All of us have been in battle."

    ????Having interim executives can be especially helpful during tense situations such as restructurings, Dunlap adds.

    ????"We can be brought in as an intermediary who allows the financing structure to remain. We handle the tough negotiations. We engineer [the restructuring], so when we go away, some of that negative feeling goes away."

    ????Having the right technical background is an essential qualification for an interim executive, but these managers often walk into a new office just as tensions are at their highest, so soft skills are critical as well.

    ????"You're dropped into a situation that is in transition. You have to be comfortable. You have to be able to move forward, to make the tough decision."




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    @關子臨: 自信也許會壓倒聰明,演技的好壞也許會壓倒腦力的強弱,好領導就是循循善誘的人,不獨裁,而有見地,能讓人心悅誠服。    參加討論>>
    @DuoDuopa:彼得原理,是美國學者勞倫斯彼得在對組織中人員晉升的相關現象研究后得出的一個結論:在各種組織中,由于習慣于對在某個等級上稱職的人員進行晉升提拔,因而雇員總是趨向于晉升到其不稱職的地位。    參加討論>>
    @Bruce的森林:正念,應該可以解釋為專注當下的事情,而不去想過去這件事是怎么做的,這件事將來會怎樣。一方面,這種理念可以幫助員工排除雜念,把注意力集中在工作本身,減少壓力,提高創造力。另一方面,這不失為提高員工工作效率的好方法??赡芎笳呤歉鞔驜OSS們更看重的吧。    參加討論>>


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