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    美元近期走弱,因一些投資者認為哈里斯將勝選

    Paolo Confino
    2024-08-23

    隨著美國現任副總統哈里斯的民調支持率越來越高,投資者正在放棄“特朗普交易”。

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    Grant Baldwin—Getty Images

    美國前總統唐納德·特朗普的競選前景,已經對市場產生了影響。

    投資銀行麥格理(Macquarie)最近的報告稱,所謂的“特朗普交易”,即在特朗普勝選后可能帶來回報的一系列投資交易,已經開始減少。

    其中最著名的“特朗普交易”之一是押注美元走強。但截至周三,美元DX-Y指數(該指數衡量美元兌一攬子其他貨幣的匯率)目前維持在2024年的低點。8月份迄今為止,該指數已經跌至低于3%。

    麥格理表示,現在隨著副總統哈里斯勝選的可能性越來越高,美元可能進一步貶值。

    麥格理全球外匯與匯率策略師蒂埃里·維茲曼對《財富》雜志稱:“美元走軟的部分原因是‘特朗普交易’減少。我們認為,特朗普交易的前提是美國的通貨膨脹加劇和進一步加息,為美元升值提供支撐?!?

    麥格理已經認定,美元的價值低于其應有的水平。有一些有利于美元的情況,包括亞洲股市的連續下跌和英國與歐元區央行的降息等,但這些因素并沒有提升美元的相對價值。

    維茲曼寫道:“我們認為,自8月初以來美元走弱有些奇怪,因為在此期間,美國的經濟數據(如零售銷售額、首次申領失業補助的人數、服務業ISM指數等)均顯示,在7月底和8月初對經濟衰退的擔憂之后,美國經濟應相對強勁?!?/p>

    “哈里斯勢頭”

    維茲曼和他的團隊認為,這背后的原因是投資者決定放棄“特朗普交易”,因為他們認為這位候選人可能無法獲勝,將使“特朗普交易”無法實現。維茲曼指出,在現任總統喬·拜登宣布不會爭取民主黨提名一周后,特朗普交易馬上開始減少。幾周后,8月初公布的首批民調顯示哈里斯的支持率領先特朗普,美元指數開始下跌。維茲曼認為,這是證明特朗普交易正在減少的間接證據。

    麥格理認為,哈里斯參與競選掀起的勢頭,隨著美聯儲降息將繼續使美元走弱。麥格理將這種勢頭稱為“哈里斯勢頭”。麥格理稱,隨著民主黨全國代表大會的召開,哈里斯的民調支持率在會后反彈,甚至會加快美元貶值。

    放棄特朗普交易,似乎意味著至少一些投資者對特朗普在11月入主白宮失去了信心。然而距離大選還有幾個月時間,任何結果都有可能。投資公司DWS的高級政治策略師弗蘭克·凱利指出,今年的選舉形勢最近發生了重大變化,因此選舉結果更難預測。他說道:“7月份特朗普風光無限,8月份哈里斯出盡風頭,而9月份雙方的競爭將異常激烈?!?

    這種不確定性以及其他因素導致投資者放棄了特朗普交易。最近的民調顯示,兩位候選人的支持率相差1至2個百分點。哈里斯的民調支持率最近開始領先,在此之前特朗普的支持率遙遙領先于拜登,他似乎已經勝券在握。由于無法押注一個確定的結果,因此投資者調整了策略。

    特朗普勝選可能迫使美聯儲支撐美元

    迄今為止,投資者一直將特朗普與美元走強聯系在一起,因為他們認為特朗普的優先事項是全面加征關稅、大幅減少移民和減稅,這會引發全面通脹,反過來迫使美聯儲維持更高利率,提高美元在國際貨幣市場上的相對價值。

    維茲曼寫道:“我們認為,基本上,特朗普比民主黨政府更有利于更強勢的美元。這是因為特朗普的核心政策——減稅、限制移民和加征關稅等,似乎將加劇通脹,進而使政策利率維持在更高水平?!?

    諷刺的是,特朗普本人卻并不愿意看到強勢美元。特朗普曾經認為,美元過于強勢,導致外國人購買美國商品的成本過高。他在7月對彭博社表示:“我們存在一個嚴重的貨幣問題?!?

    “現在他們將開始在政策問題上相互攻擊”

    盡管如此,大多數投資者和經濟學家都預測特朗普的政策會適得其反。維茲曼在報告中寫道:“市場和我們的觀點都是,與哈里斯相比,特朗普的政策將與更高政策利率息息相關?!?/p>

    哈里斯在參與競選初期,在政策問題上的立場一直相對模糊。但上周,她開始更詳細地闡述自己的政策。迄今為止,她在經濟方面的主張包括:呼吁加強對消費品過度漲價的監管;增加房屋庫存;以及取消對小費征稅(特朗普首先提出了這種觀點)。

    哈里斯的競選團隊透露,未來幾周將會有更多政策細節公布。正在召開的民主黨全國代表大會,可能成為哈里斯公布更廣泛的經濟政策的起點。政治策略師凱利認為,隨著哈里斯公布更多政策細節,大選將進入下一個階段。他說道:“他們將開始在政策問題上相互攻擊,而不是繼續進行人身攻擊?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W)

    譯者:劉進龍

    審校:汪皓

    美國前總統唐納德·特朗普的競選前景,已經對市場產生了影響。

    投資銀行麥格理(Macquarie)最近的報告稱,所謂的“特朗普交易”,即在特朗普勝選后可能帶來回報的一系列投資交易,已經開始減少。

    其中最著名的“特朗普交易”之一是押注美元走強。但截至周三,美元DX-Y指數(該指數衡量美元兌一攬子其他貨幣的匯率)目前維持在2024年的低點。8月份迄今為止,該指數已經跌至低于3%。

    麥格理表示,現在隨著副總統哈里斯勝選的可能性越來越高,美元可能進一步貶值。

    麥格理全球外匯與匯率策略師蒂埃里·維茲曼對《財富》雜志稱:“美元走軟的部分原因是‘特朗普交易’減少。我們認為,特朗普交易的前提是美國的通貨膨脹加劇和進一步加息,為美元升值提供支撐?!?

    麥格理已經認定,美元的價值低于其應有的水平。有一些有利于美元的情況,包括亞洲股市的連續下跌和英國與歐元區央行的降息等,但這些因素并沒有提升美元的相對價值。

    維茲曼寫道:“我們認為,自8月初以來美元走弱有些奇怪,因為在此期間,美國的經濟數據(如零售銷售額、首次申領失業補助的人數、服務業ISM指數等)均顯示,在7月底和8月初對經濟衰退的擔憂之后,美國經濟應相對強勁?!?/p>

    “哈里斯勢頭”

    維茲曼和他的團隊認為,這背后的原因是投資者決定放棄“特朗普交易”,因為他們認為這位候選人可能無法獲勝,將使“特朗普交易”無法實現。維茲曼指出,在現任總統喬·拜登宣布不會爭取民主黨提名一周后,特朗普交易馬上開始減少。幾周后,8月初公布的首批民調顯示哈里斯的支持率領先特朗普,美元指數開始下跌。維茲曼認為,這是證明特朗普交易正在減少的間接證據。

    麥格理認為,哈里斯參與競選掀起的勢頭,隨著美聯儲降息將繼續使美元走弱。麥格理將這種勢頭稱為“哈里斯勢頭”。麥格理稱,隨著民主黨全國代表大會的召開,哈里斯的民調支持率在會后反彈,甚至會加快美元貶值。

    放棄特朗普交易,似乎意味著至少一些投資者對特朗普在11月入主白宮失去了信心。然而距離大選還有幾個月時間,任何結果都有可能。投資公司DWS的高級政治策略師弗蘭克·凱利指出,今年的選舉形勢最近發生了重大變化,因此選舉結果更難預測。他說道:“7月份特朗普風光無限,8月份哈里斯出盡風頭,而9月份雙方的競爭將異常激烈?!?

    這種不確定性以及其他因素導致投資者放棄了特朗普交易。最近的民調顯示,兩位候選人的支持率相差1至2個百分點。哈里斯的民調支持率最近開始領先,在此之前特朗普的支持率遙遙領先于拜登,他似乎已經勝券在握。由于無法押注一個確定的結果,因此投資者調整了策略。

    特朗普勝選可能迫使美聯儲支撐美元

    迄今為止,投資者一直將特朗普與美元走強聯系在一起,因為他們認為特朗普的優先事項是全面加征關稅、大幅減少移民和減稅,這會引發全面通脹,反過來迫使美聯儲維持更高利率,提高美元在國際貨幣市場上的相對價值。

    維茲曼寫道:“我們認為,基本上,特朗普比民主黨政府更有利于更強勢的美元。這是因為特朗普的核心政策——減稅、限制移民和加征關稅等,似乎將加劇通脹,進而使政策利率維持在更高水平?!?

    諷刺的是,特朗普本人卻并不愿意看到強勢美元。特朗普曾經認為,美元過于強勢,導致外國人購買美國商品的成本過高。他在7月對彭博社表示:“我們存在一個嚴重的貨幣問題?!?

    “現在他們將開始在政策問題上相互攻擊”

    盡管如此,大多數投資者和經濟學家都預測特朗普的政策會適得其反。維茲曼在報告中寫道:“市場和我們的觀點都是,與哈里斯相比,特朗普的政策將與更高政策利率息息相關?!?/p>

    哈里斯在參與競選初期,在政策問題上的立場一直相對模糊。但上周,她開始更詳細地闡述自己的政策。迄今為止,她在經濟方面的主張包括:呼吁加強對消費品過度漲價的監管;增加房屋庫存;以及取消對小費征稅(特朗普首先提出了這種觀點)。

    哈里斯的競選團隊透露,未來幾周將會有更多政策細節公布。正在召開的民主黨全國代表大會,可能成為哈里斯公布更廣泛的經濟政策的起點。政治策略師凱利認為,隨著哈里斯公布更多政策細節,大選將進入下一個階段。他說道:“他們將開始在政策問題上相互攻擊,而不是繼續進行人身攻擊?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W)

    譯者:劉進龍

    審校:汪皓

    The election prospects of former President Donald Trump are already having an effect on the markets.

    So-called Trump trades, a series of investments set to pay off should he get reelected, have started to unwind, according to a recent note from investment bank Macquarie.

    One of the most prominent of such trades has been a bet on a stronger U.S. dollar. But as of Wednesday, the dollar’s DX-Y index (which measures the dollar against a basket of other currencies) is hovering right around its 2024 low. It’s fallen just under 3% so far in August.

    Now, with the victory of Vice President Kamala Harris looking more likely, the dollar could weaken further, Macquarie said.

    “The weakness is partly attributable to the unwinding of the ‘Trump trade,’ we believe, which had been built on the premise of more inflation and higher interest rates in the U.S., which would support the USD,” Macquarie global FX and rates strategist Thierry Wizman told Fortune.

    Macquarie already believed the dollar was weaker than it should have been. There were favorable indicators for the dollar, including a series of slumps in Asian stock markets and the central banks of the U.K. and the eurozone both cutting interest rates. But none of them raised the relative value of the dollar.

    “That the U.S. dollar has weakened since early August is a bit weird, in our view, as it has come during a period in which the U.S. data (retail sales, initial claims, services ISM) has pointed to renewed relative strength in the U.S., following the worries about a lapse into recession during late July and early August,” Wizman wrote.

    ‘Kamala-mentum’

    The explanation, Wizman and his team concluded, was that investors had decided to walk away from the “Trump trades” because they think the candidate who would make them happen might not win. Wizman points to the fact that many of the Trump trades started to unwind in the week immediately following President Joe Biden’s announcement that he wouldn’t seek the Democratic Party’s nomination. A few weeks later, in early August when the first polls showing Harris overtaking Trump came out, the DXY sagged. That was more circumstantial evidence that the Trump trades were indeed unwinding, according to Wizman.

    The Harris campaign’s momentum, which Macquarie dubbed “Kamala-mentum,” would continue the weakening of the U.S. dollar as the Fed cuts interest rates, Macquarie says. With the Democratic National Convention in full swing, a post-convention bounce in the polls for Harris could even accelerate the dollar’s fall, according to Macquarie.

    Backing off from the Trump trade seems to indicate that at least some investors are losing faith in Trump’s chances come November. However, with several months to go until the election any outcome is far from a foregone conclusion. Especially in a race such as this year’s that was so recently upended, according to Frank Kelly, senior political strategist at investment firm DWS. “July was Trump’s month, August was Harris’s month, and September is going to be an all-out brawl,” he said.

    The uncertainty as much as anything else is contributing to the pullback from the Trump trades. The latest polls show the two candidates within one to two percentage points of each other. Before Harris’s recent lead in some polls, Trump had been far ahead of Biden, seemingly cruising to a victory. No longer able to bet on a sure thing, investors adjusted.

    A Trump victory might force the Fed to support the dollar

    Until now investors had associated Trump with a stronger U.S. dollar because they believed his priorities of blanket tariffs, drastically curbing immigration, and cutting taxes would be broadly inflationary, and that in turn would force the Fed to keep rates higher—which would raise the dollar’s relative value on the international currency markets.

    “In our view, Trump was perceived to be better—fundamentally—for a stronger U.S. dollar than a Democratic administration would be,” Wizman wrote. “That’s because Trump’s core policies—tax breaks, restrictions on immigration, tariffs—would be deemed to be more inflationary, thereby keeping policy rates higher than otherwise.”

    Ironically, Trump himself doesn’t favor a strong dollar. In the past Trump has argued that the dollar is too strong, which made it too expensive for foreign buyers to purchase U.S. goods. “We have a big currency problem,” Trump told Bloomberg in July.

    ‘Now they’ll start battering each other with policy issues’

    Despite that, the majority of investors and economists expect Trump’s policies to do the opposite. “The market’s perception—and ours—is that Trump’s policies should be associated with higher policy interest rates than Harris’s,” Wizman wrote in his note.

    Throughout the early days of her campaign, Harris has been relatively vague on policy. However, she’s started rolling out more details over the past week. So far, her economic views include advocating for regulations against excessive price increases on consumer goods; building more housing stock; and eliminating taxes on tips (an idea first introduced by Trump).

    The Harris campaign has telegraphed that still more policy details will arrive over the coming weeks. The ongoing Democratic National Convention could serve as a starting point for a broader policy rollout. Kelly, the political strategist, thinks once that happens the election campaign will move into its next phase. “Now they’ll start battering each other with policy issues rather than it being personal,” he said.

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