通用汽車候任女CEO注定會失??？

????輿論已經一致認為瑪麗?芭拉是通用汽車（General Motors）下一任首席執行官的極佳選擇。不過她究竟能表現得有多么出色還取決于許多因素。一位著名的領導力專家擔心通用汽車是否為芭拉時代的到來做好了準備。

????諾爾?蒂奇是密歇根大學羅斯商學院（University of Michigan's Ross School of Business）的教授，一直密切關注汽車業。杰克?韋爾奇執掌通用電氣（General Electric）期間，蒂奇曾經負責管理通用電氣的克羅頓維爾（Crotonville）領導力培訓中心，因此廣為人知。他曾撰寫以及合作撰寫過數本商業暢銷書，其中包括《把握命運：通用電氣的成功奧秘》（Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will）、《領導力引擎》（The Leadership Engine）和《判斷力》（Judgment）。他的下一本著作將于明年八月出版，名為《繼承》（Succession）。他強烈贊同芭拉擔任首席執行官。他說：“她是一位擁有極佳背景的優秀領袖。不過，壞消息是（通用汽車）董事會和現任首席執行官（丹??？松┛赡馨阉葡蛄艘粋€注定失敗的位置?！?/p>

????首先，蒂奇注意到通用汽車并未給予巴拉董事長的職位，通用汽車的董事會將由過去18個月中的公司主管、前康明斯公司（Cummins）的首席執行官西奧多?索爾索擔任。目前，拆分首席執行官和董事長的角色已經成為了主流——標普500指數（S&P 500）公司中，幾乎一半的公司都這么做，不過蒂奇不喜歡這樣。他說：“這幾乎起不到作用，大多數時候都會失敗?！币驗樗赡軙е滦碌拿苷Q生。

????其次，通用汽車還增添了一個新職位：總裁，將由首席財務官丹尼爾?阿曼恩擔任。蒂奇表示，這個舉動表明，“通用正在上演一場《回到未來》的戲碼（電影中主角回到了過去，改變了可能發生在未來的事件——譯注），增加了阻礙發展的決策層?！?0世紀80年代，總裁這個職位在美國公司中一度十分盛行，不過如今業已失寵?！敦敻弧纷罱黄诘娜朗笞钍茏鹁吹墓局?，沒有一家公司設置了這個職位。

????蒂奇還注意到通用汽車將許多重要的職位賦予了其他首席執行官的競爭者。阿曼恩是其中之一，還有馬克?羅伊斯，后者將擔任巴拉的現職，管理全球產品開發。蒂奇認為，想要讓他們向一個贏取了他們所覬覦的職位的人匯報，恐怕很難。

????根據以上三點，蒂奇認為可能會導致嚴重的后果：“這些都是重大的缺陷，可能致使通用汽車重蹈覆轍?！?/p>

????通用汽車發言人拒絕對蒂奇的觀點發表評論，他指出，芭拉目前尚未開始擔任首席執行官——明年1月15日才會上任，而公司也愿意用實際行動來證明質疑者的錯誤。（財富中文網）

????譯者：嚴匡正

????The overwhelming consensus on Mary Barra is that she's an excellent choice to be General Motors' (GM) next CEO. But how well she performs will depend on many factors, and a famous leadership expert is concerned about how GM has prepared the company for the Barra era.

????Noel Tichy has watched the auto industry up close as a longtime professor at the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business. He's well known for having run General Electric's (GE) Crotonville leadership development center under Jack Welch, and he has written or co-written several business bestsellers, including Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will, The Leadership Engine, and Judgment. His next book, due out in August, is called Succession. He strongly endorses the choice of Barra as CEO -- "a hell of a good leader with a great background," he says. "The bad news is that the board and the CEO [Dan Akerson] have potentially set her up for failure."

????Tichy's first concern is that GM didn't give Barra the chairman's job; GM's board will be chaired by former Cummins CEO Theodore Solso, a GM director for the past 18 months. Splitting the CEO and chairman roles is becoming mainstream -- almost half the S&P 500 companies do it -- but Tichy doesn't like it. "It rarely works and most of the time fails," he says, because it introduces a potential new source of conflict.

????A second concern is that GM added a new job, president, which will be held by CFO Daniel Ammann. Tichy says that move is "back to the future at GM, adding layers that get in the way." Presidents were common among U.S. companies in the 1980s but have fallen out of favor; among America's 10 most admired companies in Fortune's latest ranking, for example, you won't find a single one.

????Tichy is concerned also that GM has given important jobs to the other CEO contenders. Ammann was one, as was Mark Reuss, who will move into Barra's current job running global product development. Tichy believes it just doesn't work to make them report to the person who got the job they were after.

????Combine those three factors, Tichy believes, and the effect could be significant: "These are serious flaws that can potentially set GM back to the good old days."

????A GM spokesman declined to comment on Tichy's views, noting that Barra isn't even CEO yet -- that happens Jan. 15 -- and says the company is content to let performance prove the doubters wrong.