貿易戰讓美國車企遭受“兩面夾擊”

在中美貿易糾紛中，受影響最大的或許莫過于在華進行生產的美國汽車廠商。

兩大美國商業組織——中國美國商會和上海美國商會于上周四聯合發布的調查結果顯示，美中相互加征關稅已經產生了廣泛影響。

汽車行業受到的沖擊尤其明顯。接受調查的汽車廠商中，80.5%的公司表示自己受到了美國關稅的沖擊，受中國反制措施影響的占75%。中美均對來自對方的進口整車及零部件征收關稅。

汽車行業之外，逾60%在華美國公司表示受到中美互征關稅影響。

受訪者表示，成本上升，利潤下降，如果特朗普總統把威脅變為行動，對另外2000億美元的中國商品征收關稅，情況就只會變得更糟。74.3%的受訪者認為如此全面征稅將對他們產生不利影響，另有67.6%的受訪者表示中國的報復性措施將使其蒙受損失。

上海美國商會主席鄭藝說：“這次調查證實了我們的擔憂，關稅已對美國企業產生負面影響，若美國對另外2000億美元中國商品加征關稅，將帶來更多痛苦。如果幾乎一半的美國公司預計美國的下一輪關稅將產生很大的不利影響，那么美國政府就是在傷害它本應給予幫助的對象?！?

對特朗普平衡中美貿易關系并解決“長期不公平問題”的大目標，鄭藝表示支持。但他指出：“我們可以采用無差別關稅以外的手段?！?

美國國內，政府在加征關稅方面同樣遇到了相當大的阻力，思科和惠普等企業最近請求美國貿易代表羅伯特·萊特希澤改變策略。來自中國的進口商品成本上升已經傷害到了小公司，而且許多人都認為下一波沖擊將開始體現在美國消費者的錢包上。（財富中文網）

譯者：Charlie

審校：夏林

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In the ongoing trade dispute between the U.S. and China, perhaps no companies are more affected than American automakers that are manufacturing their cars in China.

The biggest American business groups in China, AmCham China and AmCham Shanghai, jointly issued a survey last Thursday that showed widespread impacts from the U.S.’s tariffs on China, and the resulting Chinese tariffs on the U.S.

The effects are being particularly felt in the automotive industry. Of the respondents to the survey from that sector, 80.5% said they had been hit by the American tariffs, and 75% by the Chinese retaliation—each side has levied tariffs on imports of vehicles and components from the other.

Zoom out from the automotive sector, and more than 60% of American companies in China said they have been affected by the tit-for-tat spat.

In short, costs are up and profits are down, and the situation would only get worse if President Trump follows through with his threat to levy tariffs on a further $200 billion worth of imports from China, respondents said—74.3% said they expected to be negatively affected by that broadside, and 67.6% said they expected to take damage from the Chinese response.

“This survey affirms our concerns: tariffs are already negatively impacting U.S. companies and the imposition of a proposed $200 billion tranche will bring a lot more pain,” said AmCham Shanghai chairman Eric Zheng. “If almost a half of American companies anticipate a strong negative impact from the next round of U.S. tariffs, then the U.S. administration will be hurting the companies it should be helping.”

Zheng expressed support for Trump’s wider aim of levelling the playing field between the U.S. and China, and addressing “long-standing inequities.” However, he added, “we can do so through means other than blanket tariffs.”

The White House faces plenty of opposition toward fresh tariffs back home, too, with companies such as Cisco and Hewlett-Packard recently pleading with U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer to change tack. Small businesses are being hurt by the rising cost of imports from China, and many expect the next tranche would start being felt in American consumers’ wallets.